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Hydrogen, while still being an essential reactant in oil refining to produce clean hydrocarbon fuels, will play a fundamental role as sustainable fuel to reach global decarbonisation in 2050. National and international, institutional and private collaboration and initiatives must and are facilitating the transition.
Physical and chemical properties of hydrogen are very different from today’s fuels, requiring special safety measures and equipment materials and designs for its production, storage, distribution, and use. Not all hydrogen is sustainable. It depends on how it is produced. Production cost is still high but new processes are being developed to reduce it. Hydrogen will power transport directly as a fuel, or by means of a hydrogen fuel cell were the use of sustainable electric power is more challenging or expensive. The transition will cause the loss of jobs but will create many new ones.
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